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Inhalt
des nŠchsten Heftes (Heft 4/2008)
ANDREI D…RRE und MATTHIAS SCHMIDT,
Berlin
Vom Schutz und Nutzen von WŠldern: Kirgistans
NusswŠlder im Lichte historischer und aktueller Schutzdiskurse
Forest conservation
and utilisation: KyrgyzstanÕs
walnut fruit forests in the light of historical and current conservation discourses
Discourses shape the perception, conservation and utilization of natural resources. This can be
seen in the case of the globally
unique Walnut-Fruit-Forests
of southern Kyrgyzstan. This article shows
the historical change of the discourse
on protection of forests,
as a natural resource, from the times
of the feudal society of the Khanate of Kokand, to the eras of Russian colonialism, Soviet socialism, and up to present day post soviet capitalism. Due to the plentifulness of these forests, protection-concepts were developed long ago with the
aim of implementing
ãproperÒ utilizations. By applying methods of discourse analysis, the thesis will be proved that
historical concepts for forest-protection did not arise
from the understanding of an intrinsic value of nature as often assumed, but instead
was formed through pragmatic arguments, which allowed human appropriations of these forests. Consequently, the present status
of the walnut-fruit-forests
is a result of the interplay of natural processes and anthropogenic interventions. Current conflicts between the local
people and both scientists and conservationists over the usage
of these forests make this article
relevant. Understanding the
history of the discourse and the history of forest usage can help
shed light on these ongoing conflicts.
MARKUS HESSE, Luxemburg
Resilient Suburbs? Ungleiche Entwicklungsdynamiken
suburbaner RŠume in Nordamerika im Zeichen der Kreditkrise
Summary
This paper discusses the context of spatial
inequality, growth and decline in the case of suburban areas in the United
States. For decades, the particular North American trajectory of urbanisation
was characterised by declining inner-cities, the rise
of the suburbs and emerging developments at the urban fringe and beyond.
However, a substantial proportion of older, inner-ring suburbs in metropolitan
areas now suffer from degradation and decay. Also, in the light of most recent developments on the real estate
market, even newer sub- and exurban areas have experienced abrupt decline, due
to imploding ÒsubprimeÓ mortgages and the effects of related foreclosures.
According to some commentators, suburbs now represent despair and decline, or
even the Ònext slumÓ. Against this background, the paper presents a case study
of the Stockton Metropolitan Area, Northern California, one of the places most
severely hit by the credit crunch nationwide. The findings of the case study
are discussed in the context of cycles of
urban change and the need for regenerating suburban areas as a core component
of the North American city. For this reason, the paper finally depicts on the
concept of resilience and seeks to assess how related short- and mid-term
challenges of crisis and decline can be met by policy and planning.
OLAF K†HNE, SaarbrŸcken
Die Sozialisation von Landschaft – sozialkonstruktivistische
†berlegungen, empirische Befunde und Konsequenzen fŸr den Umgang mit dem Thema
Landschaft in Geographie und rŠumlicher Planung
The
socialization of landscape – social-constructivistic considerations, empirical findings and
consequences concerning the practice with the topic landscape in geography and
regional planning
The present
contribution deals with the question in which form landscape is socially
defined. This article is based on a
social-constructivistic scientific tradition. The
social construction of landscape in its differentiation is subjected in this
case to different stages of socialization. In the socialization of landscape of
the child and youth age native and stereotype landscape purchases are erected.
On the one hand these base on direct unsystematic observations and on
second-hand information through school (systematized) and mass mediums (unsystematic).
These lay purchases are continued in the adulthood. The socialization of
landscape of the experts occurs through professional processing of the
landscape topic in the adulthood. This processing of the landscape topic
through is strong technically structured and characterized by a strong
selectivity. In total the landscape consciousness is more strongly cognitive to
that of the experts, that of the laymen more strongly
emotionally shaped. It is spoken out in favour of a stronger integration of the
landscape appreciation of laymen into the process of spatial planning,
especially to improve the legitimization of planning.
Vorschau
auf kommende BeitrŠge
Heft
1/2009 – Themenheft: European Heritage –
in Europe and Beyond
Einleitung
Dietrich Soyez,
Kšln
European heritage
– in Europe and beyond
Greg J. Ashworth, Groningen
From unclaimed heritage to a European
opportunity: the 1915 war cemeteries of Galicia
Vom unbeanspruchtem
Erbe zur europŠischen Chance:
Galiziens Soldatenfriedhšfe
aus dem Jahre
1915
There have been many cases of
multiply claimed contested heritage but this article deals with discarded and
unclaimed, potential heritage. It also treats the most sensitive of heritage
resources namely, dead human bodies. A consequence of the Austro-Hungarian /
German offensive at Gorlice-Tarnow in May-September
1915 was 2 million dead combatants. These, friend and foe alike, were buried by
the KuK Department of war graves for the three
military districts of Galicia in over 50 especially commissioned and designed
war cemeteries with standard marking and inscription, in the then Austrian
province of Galicia. The empires and dynasties for which they died ceased to
exist in a few years. Neither the nation- state in which they are now located
(Poland) nor the new successor states that came into existence had any interest
in a legacy which was irrelevant or contradictory to their nationalist
narratives. After 90 years of unclaimed neglect there are two options. First,
do nothing and let the already advanced decay of the physical structures and
the encroachment of nature, remove the last traces of a forgotten heritage.
Secondly, take the unique chance to construct a new distinctively European
heritage from the over 30 different nationalities represented and present the
strongest component of European history, its internecine warfare. The centenary
on 1st May 2015 would offer an unrepeatable opportunity to interpret our common
European heritage.
Maggi W. H. Leung, Hong Kong
Fates of European heritage in post-colonial contexts: Political economy
of memory and forgetting in Hong Kong
Schicksale des europŠischen Erbes in post-kolonialen Kontexten:
Die Politische …konomie von Erinnerung und Vergessen in Hong Kong
While heritage is always contested,
colonial heritage in post-colonial contexts are particularly sensitive and
political. A love-hate relationship with European heritages has generated
tactics in selective remembering and forgetting concerning colonial heritage
preservation and valorisation in post-colonial societies. Based on an analysis
of official documents, tourist promotion materials, newspaper and media reports
and site visits, this paper examines the fates of three colonial heritage sites
in Hong Kong, namely that of the Marine Police Headquarter
Compound, the Star Ferry Pier and QueenÕs Pier, and the Central
Police Station Compound. The
three heritage tales demonstrate how these sites are not merely remains of the
cityÕs colonial past, but lively space where contemporary power struggles are
played out, and local identities and interests are negotiated among different
players from the state, business communities and the civil society. Together,
they also illustrate how colonial heritage is a boxing podium where the
citizenry fight for changes in hitherto non-democratic and profit-obsessed
planning governance that in itself is also a colonial legacy.
Diedrich Soyez,
Kšln
Europeanizing Industrial Heritage in Europe: Addressing
its Transboundary and Dark Sides
Zur EuropŠisierung
von Industriekultur in Europa:
Die Ansprache ihrer grenzŸberschreitenden und dunklen
Seiten
The protection of selected
industrial heritage sites is a matter of course in most European countries, and
projects such as the European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH) seem to
indicate that transnational approaches are increasingly popular. However, a
closer look at selection strategies, patterns of justification and
interpretative approaches reveals typical deficits: Firstly, the material and
immaterial transnational linkages and interconnections typical of the industrialisation process are only inadequately
communicated, even in projects supported by European funding. Secondly, the
dark sides of European industrialisation processes
and phases are only rarely appropriately represented, so that the world
reflected in industrial cultural projects to date can only be described as
sanitized industrial heritage. Thirdly, there are practically no attempts to
select objects or sites that are specifically European in character –
instead, objects/sites are designated as European simply because they are
located there. The following contribution attempts to identify ways in which
the Europeanness of industrial heritage can be more
clearly defined and strategies developed to overcome the deficits mentioned
above.
John E. Tunbridge, Otawa
Forging a European heritage: the role of Malta
Zur Formung
eines europŠischen Erbes: Die Rolle Maltas
European heritage is elusive, even
by the standards of this nebulous and contested concept. EuropeÕs indelible
imprint upon the rest of the world, and its reciprocal receipt of global
immigration, ensure that its heritage cannot – and should not – be
geographically isolated. However, EuropeÕs effectiveness on the world stage is
impaired by its internally divergent heritage perceptions, seldom
geographically focused as European. The expansion of the European Union, to the
east and also in the Mediterranean, accentuates further the need for convergent
heritage perceptions fostering a common European identity. This paper examines
MaltaÕs reclamation of its European heritage identity, the existing historical
resources on which it is based, and the relatively neglected naval legacy from
which it could be further developed. This reclamation benefits its own
increasingly vital heritage tourism economy, as well as its potential
contribution to EuropeÕs collective identity. How might it also affect its role
as EuropeÕs southern gateway – or bastion? The paper is based upon
fieldwork and consultation with relevant authorities in, and on, Malta.
Heft 2+3/2009 – Schwerpunktheft:
New Downtowns
Einleitung
Ilse
Helbrecht / Peter Dirksmeier, Berlin
Editorial
zum Schwerpunktheft ãNew
DowntownsÒ
Ilse
Helbrecht / Peter Dirksmeier, Berlin
New Downtowns:
Towards A New Form of Centrality and Urbanity in a World Society
New Downtowns – eine neue
Form der ZentralitŠt und UrbanitŠt in der Weltgesellschaft
The paper introduces the term
and concept of ÒNew DowntownsÓ into
the literature. We argue that a new spatial category in urban research is
necessary in order to specify the recent phenomenon of newly created inner city
areas within urban renaissance projects. The Hamburg HafenCity
exemplifies this global trend in urban planning and politics. The HafenCity is a new inner city and an urban renaissance
project, located in the former harbour of Hamburg, and in close proximity to
the historic city centre. This development project has allowed the inner city
area of Hamburg to roughly double its spatial extension in size. The main argument
of the paper is that in contemporary world society, centrality becomes a
negotiable good – through which urbanity changes its form. Based on this
argument, four characteristics can be outlined to constitute a New Downtown.
Firstly, New Downtowns are an expression of urban politics, understood as globally
oriented district politics. Secondly, its architecture creates urban stages for
distinct forms of performances. Thirdly, the urbanity of the New Downtown is consequently
a performative urbanity. And finally, the New
Downtown is the result of a new centrality of the world society, i.e. the
imperative to establish new centres artificially.
Susanne
Heeg, Frankfurt a. M.
From Old Downtown to New Downtown: A Case Study in South Boston
Waterfront
Von der Old Downtown zur New Downtown: das
Beispiel der South Boston Waterfront in Boston
Aim of this contribution is to analyze the conversion
of the South Boston Waterfront,
the former harbor of Boston, into a new downtown. It
is argued that attempts to revive disused industrial areas close to the inner city are deeply
dependent on planning efforts to stabilize the old downtown.
In case of the South Boston
Waterfront the attempts to revitalize the area are
up to now not very promising despite a very successful reconversion of the old downtown
of Boston. This has to do with real estate cycles and property-led
development strategies which favor
private real estate interests.
Ivo Mossig, Bremen
The
Concentration of the Media Industry: On the Role of Spatial Context for the
Production of Media Content
Zentralisierungstendenzen in der
Medienwirtschaft: Zur Bedeutung des rŠumlichen Kontextes fŸr die Erzeugung und
kommerzielle Verwertung von Medieninhalten
This paper aims to describe
the observable concentration tendencies of media, as important representatives
of the cultural and creative industries, in urban centres. Besides the general
advantages of urban agglomerations for knowledge-intensive and creative
branches this papers highlights the importance of a lively and inspiring urban
environment. A further argument for the increasing concentration is seen in the
flexible organization of the production system in this industry. Hence, the
work in these specific production networks benefits from the opportunities of a
heterogeneous urban environment. The ongoing process of concentration is shown
by a spatial analysis of employment in media and emphasizes the accomplished
arguments.
Robert Kloostermann, Amsterdam
Lessons from Amsterdam: New Urbanity in the Old City
Die
Lehre aus Amsterdam: neue UrbanitŠt in der alten Stadt
Cultural
industries as an instrument seem to offer a way to revitalize derelict areas in
and around the urban core that have been blighted by deindustrialization in the
1970 and 1980s. In this article, we explore how cultural industries have
affected two such areas close to the Amsterdam central station. One area, Oosterdokseiland, is an example of top-down planning aimed
at creating a museum cultural district with large cultural institutions as the
municipal library, a music hall, and a museum as large anchors. The other area,
the former docklands adjacent to the Oosterdokseiland,
was planned as a monofunctional residential area in
the 1990s. It nevertheless developed recently into an area of cultural
industries. Many businesses in the field of cultural industries have been
started there, turning the area through bottom-up initiatives into a fledgling
cultural industries district. After having presented a more general analysis of
the urban transformation, we analyse these two cases. We end with the wider implications which can be drawn from these cases. All plans
for new urbanity in old cities can only work if there is a sound basis of old
urbanity.
Benedikt Korf, ZŸrich
Geography of Emergency
Geographie
des Ernstfalls
ÒFreedomÓ or
ÒsecurityÓ – these two principles are often constructed
as antipodes in public debates in response to the so-called Òterrorist threatÓ: Are we living in a securitized society (Sloterdijk) or do we sacrifice
our security for a constitutional solipsism (Depenheuer)? A number of prominent, conservative,
German scholars of ÒStaatsrechtÓ (public
law) have taken the second position, warning that a post-heroic society was worshipping the golden calf of the ÒGrundgesetzÓ. Terrorist threats,
so these scholars suggest, required a different type of law, an enemy law that
provides unprecedented powers to the executive.
This article analyzes the geographical
imaginations of law, order and
state and the intellectual legacies of Carl
Schmitt that emerge in these arguments and how they build
on a philosophical legacy
of romanticism that heralds the notion
of heroism that is seen as absent in modern society. The irony
is, however, that critical scholars
who defend freedom against those heroes of security, themselves resort to a romanticism of the heroic ÒcitizenÓ
and thereby mirror the romanticism of exception that the conservatives purport.
Urban Governance in the
PeopleÕs Republic of China
Multiple understandings and the inflationary use of the term
governance are threatening the value of governance as an analytical concept. However, as will be elaborated upon, an analytical governance perspective seems to be particularly valuable for studies
in comparative urban research.
This article reviews the discussions
on governance at the intersection of political science and geography as well as the changing forms
or modes of urban governance as described in
European and North American contexts. To extend the scope
of the analytical governance framework, an attempt is made
to link the discussion on comparative urban governance in
Western cities with that on the transformation
of the local state and urban politics in
China. Thereby, changing modes of urban governance are being identified in Chinese cities in transition. While distinctive ÒChinese characteristicsÓ are often stressed by area specialists,
it is argued
that the application of an analytical
urban governance perspective
may both generate more generalizable
results and improve the mutual understanding
of the empirically rich branch of urban studies in China on the one hand, and the more theoretically informed approaches of
international urban research on the
other.
Heft
4/2009 – Themenheft: Kritische Kartographie
Einleitung
Georg
Glasze, Erlangen
Bruno
Schelhaas, Leipzig
Das ãWiederkehren des Fragezeichens in der KarteÒ. Gothaer
Kartenproduktion im 19. Jahrhundert.
Jšrg
Mose, MŸnster
Die Rolle
von Karten bei der (Re-)Konstruktion territorialer IdentitŠt: Das Beispiel
Katalonien vor dem Hintergrund spanischer und europŠischer IdentitŠt
Bernd
Belina, Frankfurt a.M.
KriminalitŠtskartierung – Produkt und
Mittel neoliberalen Regierens, oder: Wenn falsche Abstraktionen durch die Macht
der Karte praktisch wahr gemacht werden
ãGlobalisierung in
WissenskanŠlenÓ