Christian Kleinschmidt: Von der „Shilumim“ zur Entwicklungshilfe. Deutsch-israelische Wirtschaftskontakte 1950–1966

The particular nature of relations between Germany and Israel had a formative influence on the development of economic contacts between the two states: Initially shaped by the consequences of National Socialism, these were primarily formed by the changing international framework of the Cold War and the Middle East conflict of the 1950s and 1960s. This development can be divided up into three phases. The first phase of “Shilumim” is characterized by moral foreign trade relations. The Sinai campaign in 1956 then ushered in a period of rapprochement between the Federal Republic of Germany and Israel, leading to a substantial exchange of arms supplies and to a pragmatic approach to relations. However, both states then found themselves in a transitory situation on international and national level, especially with regard to the interests of West German companies. A more permanent solution had to be found. This led to the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and Israel and the integration of Israel into the then newly developed German foreign aid programme which acted as a kind of “remission” and met with a positive resonance on international level.

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