THS

• Text formats
• Proper nouns
• Abbreviated references in the footnotes
• Bibliography
• Citation guidelines

• Please use double quotes to relativise and problematise terms or to create distance.
• Foreign words or short phrases that are not commonly used in English should be italicized on first occurrence and not italicized thereafter.
• Ellipses should not be enclosed in square brackets. Omit ellipses at the beginning and end of quotations unless they are needed for sense. Use ellipses to indicate that material is missing within the quotation. Three ellipses points “…” are used to indicate an omission between sentences: 

Casca said: “There was more … foolery yet …”

• Do not use italics for proper nouns, such as the names of political parties, institutions, or governmental agencies, even when they are in a foreign language. Set them in roman (plain) type.
• The names of foreign persons, places, institutions, buildings, and so forth should also not be italicized in the main text. 

• Sources and references in the footnotes are given in abbreviated form. Detailed source references and bibliographic information is provided in a bibliography.
• An abbreviared reference contains the author's surname as well as a short title:

Meier, Sample title, 99.

in the case of two: Miller/Meier, Sample title, 2 f.

in the case of more than two: Miller et al., Sample title, 11.

• Two consecutive pages are cited with an f., three consecutive pages are cited with an f, and more than three pages with a from-to reference:

Albert, Short title, 202 f.(corresponds to the pages 202–203)

Albert, Short title, 202 ff. (corresponds to the pages 202–204)

Albert, Short title, 276–288.

• Several cited passages within one work are separated by commas:

Albert, Short title, 98, 123 f., 198, 202, 212.

• A consecutively repeated reference is abbreviated with “ibid.“ or “ibid., page number“:

Fritz, Sample title, 22.

cf. ibid.

ibid., 61

• Several abbreviated references of different works one after the other are separated by semicolons:

Fritz, Sample title, 22.; Miller, Short title, 151–170; Albert, Title, 202 f.; Meier, Wish title, 11, 14 f., 18–20.

• If a note is being referenced, an “n” plus the note number is inserted in brackets. The same applies to figures:

Fritz, Sample title, 4 f. (n. 8).

Albert, Short title, 72 (Fig. 4).

• The bibliography includes all titles cited, and only these. On the first level it is sorted alphabetically by person, on the second by year of publication:

Fischer, Fritz, Sample title, Stuttgart 1980.

Fischer, Fritz, Short title, Berlin 1976.

Schneider, Lisa, Sample title, München 1986.

Schneider, Lisa, Short title, Stuttgart 1982.

• Surname, first name, title. Subtitle, place year.

Carsten, Francis L., Reichswehr und Politik 1918–1933, Cologne, Berlin 1964.

White, Harrison C. / Cynthia A. Miller, La carrière des peintres au XIXe siècle. Du système académique au marché des impressionistes, Paris 1991.

Victoria de Grazia, Irresistible Empire. America’s Advance through Twentieth-Century Europe, Cambridge, Mass. 2005.

• Surname, first name, title. Subtitle, unpubl. Diss. name of university year.

Drost, Julia, La Garçonne. Geburt eines Mythos, unpubl. Diss. Freie Universitaet Berlin 2000.

• Surname, first name, title. Subtitle, in:  Full journal title volume , issue (year), page numbers.

Predoehl, Andreas, Die Epochenbedeutung der Weltwirtschaftskrise von 1929 bis 1931, in: Vierteljahrshefte fuer Zeitgeschichte 112,1 (1953), 97–118.

• Surname, first name, title. Subtitle, in: First name surname (Ed.), title. Subtitle, place year, page numbers.

Gaethgens, Thomas W., Historienmalerei. Zur Geschichte einer klassischen Bildgattung und ihrer Theorie, in: Uwe Fleckner (Ed.), Historienmalerei, Berlin 1996, 15–76.

Mignot, Claude, Cabinets d’architectes du Grand Siècle, in: Olivier Bonfait / Véronique Gerard Powell / Philippe Sénéchal (Ed.), Curiosité. Etudes d’histoire de l’art en honneur d’Antoine Schnapper, Paris 1998, 317–326.

• Surname, first name, title. Subtitle [if applicable year of original publication], in: Ibid., title. Subtitle. volume: volume title (ed. by surname first name), place year, page numbers.

Meinecke, Friedrich, Die national-liberale Partei [1912], in: ders., Werke. Bd. 2: Politische Schriften und Reden (hg. v. Georg Kotowski), Darmstadt 1979, 55–60.

Gauguin, Paul, Diverses choses, in: ders., Oviri. Ecrits d’un sauvage (hg. v. Daniel Guérin), Paris 1974, 157–195.

• Surname, first name, title. Subtitle. Number of volumes, place year.

Knapp, Fritz Peter, Bluete der europaeischen Literatur des Hochmittelalters. 3 Bde, Stuttgart 2019.

• Name of the file item, archive, stock, page numbers.

Presidential Message, nach dem 11. September, Second Report to Congress under the Act of March 11, 1041 (Lend and Lease Act), Library of Congress, Raymond Clapper Papers, Box 124, Folder Defense 1941–1942.

Badeanstalten in hiesiger Stadt betr., Staatsarchiv Wuerzburg, RA 6489, 1r–27r.

• Surname, first name, Title of the article, in: Newspaper title, DD.MM.YYYY, page numbers, if applicable column.

Habermas, Juergen, Eine Art Schadensabwicklung. Die apologetischen Tendenzen in der deutschen Zeitgeschichtsschreibung, in: Die Zeit, 11.07.1986, 40.

• Surname, first name, title, in: Full title of online journal volume, issue (year), page numbers. DOI [or] URL; access date DD.MM.YYYY.

Maus, Fred Everett, Defensive Discourse in Writing about Music, in: Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft fuer Musiktheorie 17,1 (2020), 75–80. Doi:10.31751/1035.

Schlotheuber, Eva, Offener Brief zur Einstellung der Radiosendung ZeitZeichen auf NDR Info (2020). https://www.historikerverband.de//mitteilungen/mitteilungs-details/article/offener-brief-zur-einstellung-der-radiosendung-zeitzeichen-auf-ndr-info.html; Stand 25.06.2020.

• Surname, first name, Title, album, music label year.

Sinatra, Frank, Moonlight in Vermont, Come Fly With Me, Capitol Records 1958.